How Long Does Alcohol Withdrawal Last? Know The Stages
Alcohol addiction, commonly known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a major public health issue in the United States. According to the 2021 National Survey on Drug consumption and Health (NSDUH), around 14.5 million persons aged 12 and up in the United States have alcohol consumption disorder (AUD). This amount accounts for around 5.3% of the US population in this age.
Alcohol withdrawal is a difficult experience that can impact anyone who has been addicted to alcohol. Understanding the chronology and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal is critical for anyone trying to quit drinking or assisting a loved one.
This blog will go into detail on alcohol withdrawal, including its duration, symptoms, and the factors that impact how long it lasts and possible treatment provided by Inpatient Rehab Center.
What Is Alcohol Withdrawal?
Alcohol withdrawal happens when a person who has been drinking heavily for a long time abruptly ceases or considerably reduces their alcohol use. This disease develops because the body and brain have been accustomed to the presence of alcohol, and when it is abruptly withdrawn.
When alcohol is drunk on a regular basis, it alters neurotransmitters in the brain, specifically gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. GABA is a neurotransmitter that calms, whereas glutamate stimulates. Alcohol increases GABA activity while inhibiting glutamate, resulting in a sense of relaxation and bliss.
Over time, the brain adjusts to these effects by creating less GABA and more glutamate. When alcohol use is abruptly stopped, the brain stays in a hyperactive condition that causes withdrawal symptoms.
Stages Of Alcohol Withdrawal
The duration and severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms can differ depending on a number of factors, including the individual’s drinking history, the amount of alcohol drank, and overall health. However, a broad time frame for alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be described as follows:
Stage 1
This stage normally starts within 6 to 12 hours of the last drink. Early signs of alcohol withdrawal can include:
- Anxiety and irritability
- Tremors (shakiness).
- Sweating
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Insomnia
- Fast heartbeat (tachycardia)
These symptoms are often modest, although they can be bothersome. Early withdrawal is vital since it indicates the start of the detoxification process.
Stage 2
This is often the most intense stage of alcohol withdrawal. Symptoms may worsen and peak between 24 and 72 hours following the previous drink. During this time, people may experience:
- Severe anxiousness.
- Hallucinations (visual, aural, and tactile)
- Seizures
- Confusion
- High Blood Pressure
- Fever
- Increased heart rate
Stage 3
By the third day, many of the acute symptoms of alcohol withdrawal had subsided. However, some symptoms may continue or vary in strength, such as:
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Mood swings
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Irritability
- difficulty concentrating
By the end of the first week, most people will have recovered from their worst symptoms. Psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, might persist for weeks or even months after physical symptoms have subsided. This is commonly known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome (PAWS).
Stage 4
PAWS is a series of persistent withdrawal symptoms that can endure for weeks, months, or even years after the acute withdrawal phase is complete. These symptoms are primarily psychological, and may include:
- Anxiety Depression
- Mood swings
- Sleep disorders.
- Fatigue and irritability
- Craving for alcohol
The duration and intensity of PAWS can differ widely from person to person. While some people may only have moderate symptoms, others may suffer from them for a long time. It’s crucial to note that PAWS can have a big impact on a person’s capacity to stay sober, therefore continued assistance from healthcare professionals and peer support groups can be quite beneficial at this period.
Factor Affecting On Alcohol Withdrawal Duration
The length and severity of alcohol withdrawal can vary greatly from person to person, and are impacted by various factors, including
Duration and severity of alcohol use
Individuals who have been drinking heavily for a long time are more prone to develop severe and prolonged withdrawal symptoms. The body and brain have adapted to the presence of alcohol, making the adjustment phase more difficult.
The frequency of drinking
Frequent drinkers have an increased risk of developing alcohol dependence, which leads to more severe withdrawal symptoms. The brain and body have had less time to recuperate between drinking sessions, resulting in a more acute withdrawal experience.
Amount of Alcohol consumed
The amount of alcohol consumed on a regular basis can influence withdrawal symptoms. Heavy drinkers who consume a lot of alcohol are more prone to have severe withdrawal symptoms.
Overall health
A person’s entire health, including liver function, nutritional status, and the presence of other medical issues, can all influence the withdrawal process. Individuals with poor health or underlying medical issues may experience more severe effects and require a lengthier withdrawal period.
Genetics
Genetic variables can also influence how an individual feels alcohol withdrawal. Some people may be genetically prone to developing alcoholism, which can result in more severe withdrawal symptoms.
Previous withdrawal experiences
Individuals who have already experienced alcohol withdrawal may be predisposed to more severe symptoms during subsequent withdrawal episodes. This is known as the “kindling effect,” in which each withdrawal episode grows increasingly severe.
Rehab For Alcohol Withdrawal
Inpatient rehab Center provides a structured environment in which individuals can develop the skills and resilience required to maintain sobriety. Rehab for alcohol withdrawal usually consists of numerous stages, each meant to address a particular component of recovery.
Assessment & Evaluation
The first step in any rehabilitation program is a thorough assessment. This evaluation assists healthcare providers in determining the severity of the individual’s alcohol dependence, overall health, and any co-occurring mental health disorders. The assessment often includes medical history, physical and psychological examination.
This assessment is crucial for developing a personalized treatment plan that addresses the individual’s specific needs.
Medical Detoxification
Detoxification, or detox, is the process of allowing the body to eliminate alcohol while alleviating withdrawal symptoms. Medical detox is frequently the initial step in rehabilitation and might take place in a specialized institution or a hospital setting.
The duration of detox might range from a few days to a week, depending on the intensity of withdrawal symptoms and the individual’s overall health status.
Possible Medications Used
Some popular drugs used during alcohol detox are:
- Benzodiazepines: These drugs, such as diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan), commonly function by increasing the effects of GABA, which helps to calm the brain’s hyperactivity.
- Anticonvulsants: Drugs such as carbamazepine or valproic acid can be used to avoid seizures during withdrawal.
- Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, can help with physical symptoms such a fast heartbeat and high blood pressure.
- Antipsychotics: When there is severe agitation or hallucinations, antipsychotic drugs may be used to assist stabilize the mood and lessen symptoms.
- Nutritional support: Chronic alcohol use can cause nutritional deficits, particularly in vitamins like thiamine (vitamin B1). Thiamine supplementation is frequently used to prevent neurological problems.
Inpatient Rehab
Following detox, many people enter an inpatient rehabilitation program. Inpatient rehabilitation offers a controlled, supportive atmosphere in which patients can completely focus on their recovery. Key components of inpatient rehabilitation are
- 24/7 care,
- therapy and counseling,
- behavioral treatment includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- and relapse prevention.
Planning to deal with triggers and cravings is an important aspect of inpatient rehab, since it helps people prepare for life following treatment. Inpatient rehab programs can run from 28 days to several months, depending on the individual’s needs and progress.
Outpatient Rehab
Outpatient rehabilitation is a viable alternative to inpatient therapy for some people, or it may act as a transitional phase after an inpatient program.
It allows people to receive therapy while remaining at home and carrying out some of their everyday responsibilities.
Outpatient rehabilitation programs vary in intensity, with some requiring daily attendance and others meeting several times per week.
Aftercare and Long-term Support
Recovery from alcoholism is a continuous process that goes beyond the completion of a formal rehabilitation program. Aftercare and long-term assistance are essential for staying sober and avoiding relapse. Aftercare could include:
- Continued Therapy: Ongoing counseling helps people handle any residual difficulties and strengthens the skills they learned in recovery.
- Support Groups: Attending support group meetings on a regular basis, such as AA or SMART Recovery, allows you to connect with others who have had similar experiences and struggles.
- Sober Living Homes are structured living arrangements that offer assistance and stability to people transitioning from rehabilitation to independent living.
- Relapse Prevention Programs: These programs include information and tactics for identifying triggers, managing stress, and dealing with cravings.
The Importance Of Seeking Help
Alcohol withdrawal is a difficult and even hazardous process, but remember that aid is available. Trying to quit drinking on your own might be perilous, especially if you’ve been drinking heavily for a long period. Seeking medical guidance and support is essential for a safe and successful withdrawal.
If you or someone you know is battling with alcoholism, contact our expert healthcare practitioner or addiction expert who can offer you with the support and resources.